The Scripture teaches that salvation would come to the descendants of Abraham through the coming of the Messiah. Paul mentions that all believers (Christians) are spiritual sons of Abraham therefore heirs to the promise. Galatians and Romans. 

In the Middle ages this led some to believe that God was finished with natural Israel, and all of the promises and blessings would now belong to the church. the Church completely "replaced" national Israel. This lead to the rise of Anti-Semitism and eventually the Nazi regime.

Few still believe this since the prophesies concerning the return of the nation of Israel were literally fulfilled in 1948. 

But we still see some quoting promises for the Jews as though they applied to themselves. And recently some Christians and Messianic Jews have started reversing this with the Idea that the Church (mainly gentiles) replaced the 10 lost tribes. Therefore may claim the promises and blessings given to Israel that are not specific to the Jews, or Judah, alone.

This has lead to some of the following errors:

1. The church belongs under the law of Moses (Sabbath, food laws ect.)

2. More to come!!